Feb 24 2011
NSAIDs Interfere With Tissue Healing
The availability of over-the counter NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, have allowed tens of millions of people reduce the pain, swelling, and inflammation associated with mild to moderate athletic injuries.
When orthopedic surgery is required to repair more severe injuries, like a rotator cuff tear, prescription versions of these medications are often used to control inflammation and pain.
Because many massage practitioners work with clients who are taking these medications, and clients will ask our opinion, it’s important to be aware of the potential negative effects of anti-inflammatories. This in no way implies or suggests that we are qualified to give medical advice, nor to advise a client to disregard a physician’s recommendation/prescription to take these medications.
Over the last 20 years, a significant body of research has shown that NSAIDs interfere with the healing process in bones and also compromise healing at the junction of bone and tendon. This has broad implications for an active person who has undergone a surgical repair, or who regularly takes an NSAID for minor muscle strains, tendonitis, or other overuse injuries.
A 1986 study conducted at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine examined the effects of NSAIDs on the healing process of strained muscle. The researchers divided laboratory rats into three groups (one control group, two experimental groups with muscle strain injuries) and administered piroxicam (a prescription NSAID) to one of the injury groups. They found that the piroxicam group showed a delay in the inflammatory reaction to muscle strain, accompanied by delay in the muscle regeneration phase.
The title of a 2006 study sums up the finding: “Indomethacin and celecoxib impair rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.” The important finding to note in this study is that the problem was not just at the site where the tendon attaches to the bone, but in the overall strength of the tendon, even 8 weeks post-surgery.
Collagen is the building block material for tendon and muscle regeneration. A 1995 study suggests that NSAIDs interfere with the amount and the quality of collagen produced during the healing (proliferative) phase of a repetitive motion injury. On a positive note, once the healing phase is complete and the tissue is in its maturation and remodeling phase, NSAIDs appear to stimulate protein synthesis, a beneficial effect.
A 2007 study of the healing response of rat patella tendons in the presence of a variety of pain-relieving medications provided some interesting and cautionary results. Acetaminophen (not an NSAID) and ibuprofen had no detrimental effect on tendon healing. The healing process for the animals fed the other NSAIDs in the study (naproxen, piroxicam, celecoxib, valdecoxib) all showed decreased tensile strength and reduced collagen content.
Although NSAIDs are still generally considered safe, the cautious consumer may want to consider other methods to control the pain and inflammation often associated with soft-tissue injuries. One such strategy could be to use acetaminophen for pain-relief and the application of ice to help control both pain and inflammation.

